Wash, wash, wash! Listen and click. Priluki is a historic town located in Chernihiv region of northern Ukraine, center of the Prilutskiy region (not to be confused with Old Priluka – a village in the Vinnitsa region, a former shtetl). Priluki is located on the Udai River, a tributary of the Sula. The city’s estimated population is 61,600 (as of 2005).

City map, 1764-1780 City map, 1789 In the 17th century, the Cossacks took part in the Khmelnytsky uprising. The fertile soil of the Udai basin proved itself attractive not only to marauders, but also to hard-working people fleeing from backbreaking toil. The number of inhabitants of Pryluky and adjacent villages grew considerably in the 17th century.

One of the documents kept in the archives of Stockholm, Sweden stated that there were 800 chimneys, i.e. 800 houses, in Pryluky in 1632. Assuming that each house accommodated at least six persons, about 5,000 people lived in the city at that time.

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In 1648, Hetman (a high ranking Cossack officer) Bohdan Khmelnytsky introduced a new system of territorial-administrative division in Ukraine, having divided the country into regiments. Under this system the city of Pryluky became the military center of the Pryluky Regiment and Colonel Ivan Shkurat-Melnychenko was appointed its first commander. In the XVII century, Priluki was home to only a few Jewish families. This was probably a result of the decrees set by hetmans Ivan Skoropadskiy and Danila Apostol, which prohibited Jews to live in Left-bank Ukraine. Priluki received Magdeburg rights only in 1783. It can be assumed that a strong Jewish community emerged in Priluki around this time.

House of merchant Rabinovich – owner of tobacco factory House of merchant Fradkin The current plan of the city was created in 1802 when all old streets were connected to the city’s central thoroughfare. This main thoroughfare would be renamed several times, in the later imperial Russian era (Ulitsya Aleksandrovskaya), in the Soviet Period Ulitsya Lenina, and Vulitsya Kyiv’ska after Ukrainian independence. Intense construction started after the great fire in 1831, which almost completely destroyed the old buildings. There were 2,007 Jews in Priluki in 1847, 5,722 (31% of the total population) in 1897.

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In 1855, among Priluki Jews there were 124 merchants of the third guild and 690 of lower middle-class citizens. In 1859 there was a synagogue and a prayer house, in 1864 – 4 synagogues. By the end of the XIX century, two private theaters existed in the city, called Jewish and Intim, which belonged to A.M.Bukler. Orlov family in Priluki, beginning of XX centiury.

Photo provided by Natasha Burikova Aharon Belkin and his wife Rachel in Priluki, early 20th century. Courtesy of Arik Rahlenko By 1869 there were 4 brick factories in Priluki. In the early 20th century, the factory was owned by Mariengof Beniamin Levinovich (the first brick factory on Algazina St., 60), Smilyanskiy David-Itzhok Shlomovich used to own the second brick factory on Frynze St., 42, not far from the Dolgin’s mill, nowadays a residential built-up area, the brothers Shershevsky Neah-Israel and Yankel Izrailevich owned another brick factory on Kievskaya St., 210; in 1910 the owners were Manilo Kopel Leibovich and Shershevskiy Yankel Izrailevich), Kapara Vladimir Andeevich (Kievskaya St., 131).

Yehuda Leib Tsirelson (1859 – 1941) Book of Yehuda Leib Tsirelson A spiritual rabbi Abram Joshua Heschel-Zamsky (1875, Starodub -?) led the community after 1910. Jews owned two tobacco factories, two flour mills, and two small oil refineries. Many Jewish tailors sewed ready-made garments, which were sold in fairs in faraway towns. Apart from hadarim there were schools for boys and girls, and from the beginning of the 20th century, there was a Hebrew-language school. A Relief society to help Frid’s Jewish secondary school for men was founded. Over the next two years, over 2,000 rubles were collected. Difficult economic and political conditions caused a huge wave of Jewish emigration to USA and other Western countries at the end of 19th – beginning of 20th century.

The US immigrants from Priluki founded a relief society called “Ershter Priluki”. As a result of severe ethnic and political restrictions, the Jewish youth was very active in the socialist revolutionary movement. In the summer of 1903, local “Bund” activists organized a small traders meeting in support of a general strike in the southern part of the Russian Empire.